Broken Blood Vessel When Drawing Blood

Biology of the Heart and Blood Vessels
The heart and blood vessels constitute the cardiovascular (circulatory) system. The heart pumps the blood to the lungs so it can pick up oxygen and then pumps oxygen-rich blood to the body. The blood circulating in this system delivers oxygen and nutrients to the tissues of the body and removes waste products (such as carbon dioxide) from the tissues.
- Biology of the Heart
  - Function of the Heart
  - Blood Supply of the Heart
  - Regulation of the Heart
- Biology of the Blood Vessels
  - Arteries and arterioles
  - Capillaries
  - Venules and veins
- Effects of Aging on the Heart and Blood Vessels
Symptoms of Heart and Blood Vessel Disorders
Disorders that affect the heart or blood vessels are called cardiovascular disorders. Cardiovascular disorders are usually divided into
- Overview of Heart and Blood Vessel Symptoms
- Chest Pain
  - Causes
    - Common causes
    - Life-threatening causes
  - Evaluation
    - Warning signs
    - When to see a doctor
    - What the doctor does
    - Testing
  - Treatment
  - Key Points
- Dizziness or Light-Headedness When Standing Up
  - Causes
    - Common causes
  - Evaluation
    - Warning signs
    - When to see a doctor
    - What the doctor does
    - Testing
  - Treatment
  - Essentials for Older People
  - Key Points
- Fainting
  - Causes
  - Evaluation
    - Warning signs
    - When to see a doctor
    - What the doctor does
    - Testing
  - Treatment
  - Essentials for Older People
  - Key Points
- Limb Pain
  - Causes
  - Evaluation
    - Warning signs
    - When to see a doctor
    - What the doctor does
    - Testing
  - Treatment
  - Key Points
- Palpitations
  - Causes
    - Types of arrhythmias
    - Causes of arrhythmias
    - Complications
  - Evaluation
    - Warning signs
    - When to see a doctor
    - What the doctor does
    - Testing
  - Treatment
  - Essentials for Older People
  - Key Points
- Postprandial Hypotension
  - Treatment
- Swelling
  - Causes
  - Evaluation
    - Warning signs
    - When to see a doctor
    - What the doctor does
    - Testing
  - Treatment
  - Key Points
Diagnosis of Heart and Blood Vessel Disorders
Sometimes, medical history and physical examination alone suggest to a doctor that the person has a heart or blood vessel disorder. However, special diagnostic procedures are often needed to confirm the diagnosis, determine the extent and severity of the disease, and help plan treatment.
- Introduction to Diagnosis of Heart and Blood Vessel Disorders
- Medical History and Physical Examination for Heart and Blood Vessel Disorders
  - Medical History
  - Physical Examination
    - Ambulatory (home) blood pressure monitoring
- Cardiac Catheterization and Coronary Angiography
  - Cardiac catheterization
  - Coronary angiography
- Central Venous Catheterization
- Computed Tomography (CT) of the Heart
- Continuous Ambulatory Electrocardiography
- Echocardiography and Other Ultrasound Procedures
  - How echocardiography is done
- Electrocardiography
  - How ECG is done
- Electrophysiologic Testing
  - How electrophysiologic testing is done
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) of the Heart
- Positron Emission Tomography (PET) of the Heart
- Pulmonary Artery Catheterization
  - How pulmonary artery catheterization is done
- Radionuclide Imaging of the Heart
- Stress Testing
  - How stress testing is done
- Tilt Table Testing
  - How tilt table testing is done
- X-Rays of the Chest
Abnormal Heart Rhythms
Abnormal heart rhythms (arrhythmias) are sequences of heartbeats that are irregular, too fast, too slow, or conducted via an abnormal electrical pathway through the heart.
- Overview of Abnormal Heart Rhythms
  - Normal electrical pathway
  - Causes
    - Fast arrhythmias
    - Slow arrhythmias
  - Symptoms
  - Diagnosis
  - Prognosis
  - Treatment
    - Drugs
    - Artificial pacemakers
    - Restoring normal rhythm
    - Destroying abnormal tissue (ablation)
  - More Information
- Atrial Fibrillation and Atrial Flutter
  - Atrial fibrillation
  - Atrial flutter
  - Causes
    - Complications
  - Symptoms
  - Diagnosis
  - Treatment
    - Slowing the heart rate
    - Restoring normal heart rhythm
    - Ablation procedures
    - Preventing blood clots
  - More Information
- Atrial Premature Beats
  - Treatment
  - More Information
- Cardiac Channelopathies
  - Symptoms
  - Diagnosis
  - Treatment
  - More Information
- Long QT Syndrome and Torsades de Pointes Ventricular Tachycardia
  - Symptoms
  - Diagnosis
  - Treatment
  - More Information
- Paroxysmal Supraventricular Tachycardia (SVT, PSVT)
  - Treatment
  - More Information
- Sinus Node Dysfunction
  - Symptoms
  - Diagnosis
  - Treatment
  - More Information
- Ventricular Fibrillation
  - Symptoms
  - Diagnosis
  - Treatment
  - More Information
- Ventricular Premature Beats
  - Symptoms
  - Diagnosis
  - Treatment
  - More Information
- Ventricular Tachycardia
  - Symptoms
  - Diagnosis
  - Treatment
    - Immediate treatment
    - Long-term treatment
  - More Information
- Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) Syndrome
  - Symptoms
    - Atrial fibrillation and Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome
  - Diagnosis
  - Treatment
    - Ablation
  - More Information
- Overview of Heart Block
  - Normal electrical pathway
  - Heart blocks
  - More Information
- Atrioventricular Block
  - First-degree atrioventricular block
  - Second-degree atrioventricular block
  - Third-degree atrioventricular block
  - Diagnosis
  - Treatment
  - More Information
- Bundle Branch Block
  - More Information
Aneurysms and Aortic Dissection
The aorta, which is about 1 inch (2.5 centimeters) in diameter, is the largest artery of the body. It receives oxygen-rich blood from the left ventricle and distributes it to all of the body except the lungs (which receive blood from the right ventricle). Just after the aorta leaves the heart, smaller arteries that carry blood to the head and arms branch off. The aorta then arches down, with additional smaller arteries branching off along its route from the left ventricle to the lower abdomen at the top of the hipbone (pelvis). At this point, the aorta divides into the two iliac arteries, which supply blood to the legs.
- Overview of Aortic Aneurysms and Aortic Dissection
  - Aortic Aneurysms
    - Location
    - Causes
    - Complications
  - Aortic Dissection
- Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms
  - Symptoms
  - Diagnosis
  - Treatment
    - Treatment of a ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm
- Abdominal Aortic Branch Occlusion
  - Symptoms
    - Lower aorta and common iliac arteries
    - Renal arteries
    - Superior mesenteric artery
    - Hepatic and splenic arteries
  - Diagnosis
  - Treatment
    - Lower aorta and common iliac arteries
    - Renal arteries
    - Superior mesenteric artery
    - Hepatic and splenic arteries
- Aortic Branch Aneurysms
  - Subclavian artery aneurysms
  - Aneurysms in the arteries of the abdominal organs
  - Symptoms
  - Diagnosis
  - Treatment
- Aortic Dissection
  - Symptoms
    - Complications of aortic dissection
  - Diagnosis
  - Prognosis
  - Treatment
- Aortitis
- Thoracic Aortic Aneurysms
  - Symptoms
  - Diagnosis
  - Treatment
Atherosclerosis
Atherosclerosis is a condition in which patchy deposits of fatty material (atheromas or atherosclerotic plaques) develop in the walls of medium-sized and large arteries, leading to reduced or blocked blood flow.
- Atherosclerosis
  - Arteriosclerosis
  - Causes
    - Plaque formation
    - Plaque rupture
  - Risk Factors for Atherosclerosis
    - Smoking and atherosclerosis
    - Cholesterol levels
    - High blood pressure
    - Diabetes mellitus
    - Obesity
    - Physical inactivity
    - Diet
    - Alcohol intake
    - High blood levels of homocysteine (hyperhomocysteinemia)
  - Symptoms
    - Symptoms of gradual narrowing
    - Symptoms of sudden artery blockage
  - Diagnosis
    - People with symptoms
    - People without symptoms (screening)
  - Prevention and Treatment
    - Treatment of atherosclerosis complications
Cardiomyopathy
Cardiomyopathy refers to progressive impairment of the structure and function of the muscular walls of the heart chambers.
- Overview of Cardiomyopathy
  - More Information
- Dilated Cardiomyopathy
  - Causes
  - Symptoms
    - Complications
  - Diagnosis
    - Imaging of the heart
    - Biopsy and cardiac catheterization
  - Prognosis
  - Treatment
    - Drugs for dilated cardiomyopathy
    - Device therapy
    - Heart transplantation
  - More Information
- Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
  - Causes
    - Complications
  - Symptoms
  - Diagnosis
  - Prognosis
  - Treatment
    - Drugs for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
    - Myectomy
    - Alcohol ablation
    - Implantable cardioverter-defibrillator
  - More Information
- Restrictive Cardiomyopathy
  - Scarring
  - Accumulation of abnormal substances
  - Symptoms
  - Diagnosis
  - Treatment
  - More Information
Cardiac Arrest and CPR
Cardiac arrest is when the heart stops pumping blood and oxygen to the brain and other organs and tissues. Sometimes a person can be revived after cardiac arrest, particularly if treatment is started immediately. However, the more time that passes without oxygen-containing blood being pumped to the brain, the less likely it is that the person can be revived, and, if revived, the more likely it is that the person will have brain damage.
- Cardiac Arrest and CPR
  - First-Aid Treatment
    - Standard CPR
    - Compression-only CPR
  - More Information
Coronary Artery Disease
Coronary artery disease is a condition in which the blood supply to the heart muscle is partially or completely blocked.
- Overview of Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)
  - Causes
  - Risk Factors
  - Prevention
    - Smoking
    - Diet
    - Physical inactivity
    - Obesity
    - High cholesterol levels
    - High blood pressure
    - Diabetes mellitus
  - Treatment
    - Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
    - Other techniques
    - Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting
    - Other techniques
- Angina
  - Causes
  - Unusual causes of angina
  - Classification
  - Symptoms
    - Silent ischemia
  - Diagnosis
    - Stress testing
    - Echocardiography
    - Coronary angiography
    - Continuous ECG monitoring
    - Imaging of the heart
  - Prognosis
  - Treatment
    - Drug Therapy
    - Revascularization Procedures
- Acute Coronary Syndromes (Heart Attack; Myocardial Infarction; Unstable Angina)
  - Causes
    - Classification
  - Symptoms
    - Complications
  - Diagnosis
    - Electrocardiography
    - Cardiac markers
    - Other testing
  - Prognosis
  - Prevention
  - Treatment
    - Drug treatment
    - Opening the arteries
    - General measures
    - Discharge
  - Rehabilitation
- Complications of an Acute Coronary Syndrome
  - Pumping problems
  - Rhythm problems
  - Pericarditis
  - Myocardial rupture
  - Ventricular aneurysm
  - Blood clots
  - Other problems
- Drug Treatment of Coronary Artery Disease
  - Nitrates
  - Morphine
  - Beta-blockers
  - Calcium channel blockers
  - Ranolazine
  - Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin II receptor blockers
  - Statins
  - Antiplatelet drugs
  - Clot-dissolving drugs
  - Anticoagulants
Endocarditis
Infective endocarditis is an infection of the lining of the heart (endocardium) and usually also of the heart valves.
- Infective Endocarditis
  - Causes
  - Risk Factors
  - Symptoms
  - Diagnosis
  - Prognosis
  - Prevention
  - Treatment
- Noninfective Endocarditis
  - Diagnosis
  - Treatment
Heart Failure
Heart failure is a disorder in which the heart is unable to keep up with the demands of the body, leading to reduced blood flow, back-up (congestion) of blood in the veins and lungs, and/or other changes that may further weaken or stiffen the heart.
- Heart Failure (HF)
  - Types of heart failure
  - Causes
    - Cardiac causes of heart failure
    - Non-cardiac causes of heart failure
  - Compensatory Mechanisms
    - Hormonal responses
    - Kidney responses
    - Enlargement of the heart
  - Symptoms
    - Right-sided heart failure symptoms
    - Left-sided heart failure symptoms
    - Symptoms of severe heart failure
  - Diagnosis
    - Chest x-ray
    - Electrocardiography
    - Echocardiography
    - Blood tests
    - Other tests
  - Prevention
  - Treatment
    - General measures
    - Treatment of the cause
    - Lifestyle changes
    - Drugs for heart failure
    - Other measures
    - Treatment of acute heart failure
    - End-of-life issues
  - More Information
- Drug Treatment for Heart Failure
  - Aldosterone antagonists
  - Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors
  - Angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs)
  - Angiotensin receptor/neprilysin inhibitors
  - Beta-blockers
  - Digoxin
  - Diuretics
  - Sinus node inhibitors
  - Sodium glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors
  - Vasodilators
  - Other drugs used for heart failure
- Cor Pulmonale
  - Symptoms
  - Diagnosis
  - Treatment
Heart Tumors
A tumor is any type of abnormal growth, whether cancerous (malignant) or noncancerous (benign). Tumors in the heart may be
- Overview of Heart Tumors
  - Noncancerous primary heart tumors
  - Cancerous primary heart tumors
  - Metastatic heart tumors
  - Symptoms
  - Diagnosis
  - Treatment
    - Noncancerous (benign) heart tumors
  - Cancerous heart tumors
  - Pericardial tumors
- Myxomas
  - Symptoms
    - Complications of myxoma
  - Diagnosis
  - Treatment
- Cancerous Heart Tumors
  - Symptoms
  - Diagnosis
  - Treatment
Heart Valve Disorders
Heart valves regulate the flow of blood through the heart's four chambers—two small, round upper chambers (atria) and two larger, cone-shaped lower chambers (ventricles). Each ventricle has a one-way "in" (inlet) valve and a one-way "out" (outlet) valve. Each valve consists of flaps (cusps or leaflets) that open and close like one-way swinging doors.
- Overview of Heart Valve Disorders
  - Changes with aging
  - Heart valve malfunction
  - Repairing or replacing a heart valve
  - More Information
- Aortic Regurgitation
  - Causes
  - Symptoms
  - Diagnosis
  - Treatment
  - More Information
- Aortic Stenosis
  - Causes
  - Symptoms
  - Diagnosis
  - Treatment
  - More Information
- Mitral Regurgitation
  - Complications
  - Causes
  - Symptoms
  - Diagnosis
  - Treatment
  - More Information
- Mitral Stenosis
  - Causes
  - Symptoms
  - Diagnosis
  - Treatment
  - More Information
- Mitral Valve Prolapse (MVP)
  - Causes
  - Symptoms
  - Diagnosis
  - Treatment
  - More Information
- Pulmonic Regurgitation
  - Diagnosis
  - Treatment
  - More Information
- Pulmonic Stenosis
  - Diagnosis
  - Treatment
  - More Information
- Tricuspid Regurgitation
  - Causes
  - Symptoms
  - Diagnosis
  - Treatment
  - More Information
- Tricuspid Stenosis
  - Diagnosis
  - Treatment
  - More Information
High Blood Pressure
High blood pressure (hypertension) is persistently high pressure in the arteries.
- High Blood Pressure
  - Classification of blood pressure
  - The Body's Control of Blood Pressure
  - Causes
    - Primary hypertension
    - Secondary hypertension
    - Aggravating factors
  - Symptoms
    - Complications of high blood pressure
  - Diagnosis
    - Diagnosis of cause
  - Treatment
    - Treatment goals
    - Lifestyle changes
    - Drug therapy
    - Treatment of secondary hypertension
    - Treatment of hypertensive urgencies and emergencies
  - Prognosis
  - More Information
- Drug Treatment of High Blood Pressure
  - Adrenergic blockers
  - Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors
  - Angiotensin II receptor blockers
  - Calcium channel blockers
  - Centrally acting alpha agonists
  - Direct vasodilators
  - Diuretics
  - More Information
Low Blood Pressure and Shock
Low blood pressure is blood pressure low enough to cause symptoms such as dizziness and fainting. Very low blood pressure can cause damage to organs, a process called shock.
- Low Blood Pressure
  - Changing the diameter of arterioles and veins
  - Changing cardiac output
  - Changing the volume of blood
  - Changing the body's position
  - Monitoring and controlling blood pressure
  - Causes
  - Symptoms
  - Diagnosis
  - Treatment
- Shock
  - Causes
    - Hypovolemic shock
    - Cardiogenic shock
    - Distributive shock
  - Symptoms
  - Diagnosis
  - Prognosis
  - Treatment
    - Initial treatment
    - Treatment of cause
Lymphatic Disorders
The lymphatic system is a vital part of the immune system. It includes organs such as the thymus, bone marrow, spleen, tonsils, appendix, and Peyer patches in the small intestine that produce and process specialized white blood cells that fight infection and cancer.
- Overview of the Lymphatic System
  - Disorders of the lymphatic system
- Swollen Lymph Nodes
  - Causes
  - Evaluation
    - Warning signs
    - When to see a doctor
    - What the doctor does
    - Testing
  - Treatment
  - Key Points
- Lymphedema
  - Causes of lymphedema
  - Primary lymphedema
  - Secondary lymphedema
  - Diagnosis
  - Treatment
Pericardial Disease and Myocarditis
Pericardial disease affects the pericardium, which is the flexible two-layered sac that envelops the heart.
- Overview of Pericardial Disease
- Acute Pericarditis
  - Causes
  - Symptoms
  - Diagnosis
    - Tests for the cause of pericarditis
  - Prognosis
  - Treatment
    - Anti-inflammatory drugs
  - Treating the underlying disorder
  - Surgical treatment
- Chronic Pericarditis
  - Causes
  - Symptoms
  - Diagnosis
  - Treatment
    - Chronic constrictive pericarditis
- Myocarditis
  - Causes
    - Giant cell myocarditis
  - Symptoms
  - Diagnosis
    - Diagnosis of cause
  - Treatment
Peripheral Arterial Disease
Peripheral arterial disease results in reduced blood flow in the arteries of the trunk, arms, and legs.
- Overview of Peripheral Arterial Disease
  - Causes
- Aneurysms of Arteries in the Arms, Legs, and Heart
  - Causes
  - Symptoms
  - Diagnosis
  - Treatment
- Occlusive Peripheral Arterial Disease
  - Gradual artery narrowing
  - Sudden blockage of an artery
  - Symptoms
  - Diagnosis
    - Physical examination
    - Tissue oxygen measurements
    - Imaging
    - Other tests for diagnosing occlusive peripheral arterial disease
  - Prevention
  - Treatment
    - Exercise
    - Foot care
    - Drugs
    - Angioplasty
    - Surgery
    - Other treatments
  - More Information
- Fibromuscular Dysplasia
  - Treatment
  - More Information
- Thromboangiitis Obliterans
  - Symptoms
  - Diagnosis
  - Treatment
  - More Information
- Overview of Functional Peripheral Arterial Disease
- Acrocyanosis
  - More Information
- Erythromelalgia
  - Treatment
- Raynaud Syndrome
  - Primary Raynaud syndrome
  - Secondary Raynaud syndrome
  - Symptoms
  - Diagnosis
  - Treatment
  - More Information
Sports and the Heart
Athlete's heart refers to the normal changes that the heart undergoes in people who regularly do strenuous aerobic exercise (for example, higher intensity running or bicycling) and also in those who do higher intensity weight training exercise (weight lifting).
- Athlete's Heart
  - Diagnosis
  - Treatment
- Sudden Cardiac Death in Athletes
  - Causes
  - Young athletes
  - Older athletes
  - Symptoms
  - Diagnosis
    - Screening
  - Treatment
  - More Information
Venous Disorders
Veins return blood to the heart from all the organs of the body. The large veins parallel the large arteries and often share the same name, but the pathways of the venous system are more difficult to trace than those of the arteries. Many unnamed small veins form irregular networks and connect with the large veins.
- Overview of the Venous System
  - Problems With the Veins
- Arteriovenous Fistula
  - Intentional creation of arteriovenous fistulas for medical treatment
  - Symptoms
  - Diagnosis
  - Treatment
- Chronic Venous Insufficiency and Postphlebitic Syndrome
  - Causes
    - Postphlebitic syndrome
  - Symptoms
  - Diagnosis
  - Prevention
  - Treatment
  - More Information
- Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT)
  - Causes
    - Injury to the vein
    - Increased blood clotting tendency
    - Slowing of blood flow
  - Complications
    - Pulmonary embolism
    - Chronic venous insufficiency
    - Ischemia (lack of blood flow)
  - Symptoms
  - Diagnosis
  - Prevention
  - Treatment
    - Anticoagulant drugs
    - Clot-blocking filter
    - Clot-dissolving drugs
    - Treatment of complications
  - More Information
- Spider Veins
  - Treatment
- Superficial Venous Thrombosis
  - Symptoms
  - Diagnosis
  - Treatment
- Varicose Veins
  - Symptoms
  - Diagnosis
  - Treatment
    - Injection therapy (sclerotherapy)
    - Laser therapy
    - Surgery ("vein stripping")
  - More Information

Broken Blood Vessel When Drawing Blood

Source: https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/heart-and-blood-vessel-disorders

Broken Blood Vessel When Drawing Blood

Symptoms of Heart and Blood Vessel Disorders
Disorders that affect the heart or blood vessels are called cardiovascular disorders. Cardiovascular disorders are usually divided into

Abnormal Heart Rhythms
Abnormal heart rhythms (arrhythmias) are sequences of heartbeats that are irregular, too fast, too slow, or conducted via an abnormal electrical pathway through the heart.

Atherosclerosis
Atherosclerosis is a condition in which patchy deposits of fatty material (atheromas or atherosclerotic plaques) develop in the walls of medium-sized and large arteries, leading to reduced or blocked blood flow.

Cardiomyopathy
Cardiomyopathy refers to progressive impairment of the structure and function of the muscular walls of the heart chambers.

Coronary Artery Disease
Coronary artery disease is a condition in which the blood supply to the heart muscle is partially or completely blocked.

Endocarditis
Infective endocarditis is an infection of the lining of the heart (endocardium) and usually also of the heart valves.

Heart Failure
Heart failure is a disorder in which the heart is unable to keep up with the demands of the body, leading to reduced blood flow, back-up (congestion) of blood in the veins and lungs, and/or other changes that may further weaken or stiffen the heart.

Heart Tumors
A tumor is any type of abnormal growth, whether cancerous (malignant) or noncancerous (benign). Tumors in the heart may be

High Blood Pressure
High blood pressure (hypertension) is persistently high pressure in the arteries.

Low Blood Pressure and Shock
Low blood pressure is blood pressure low enough to cause symptoms such as dizziness and fainting. Very low blood pressure can cause damage to organs, a process called shock.

Lymphatic Disorders
The lymphatic system is a vital part of the immune system. It includes organs such as the thymus, bone marrow, spleen, tonsils, appendix, and Peyer patches in the small intestine that produce and process specialized white blood cells that fight infection and cancer.

Pericardial Disease and Myocarditis
Pericardial disease affects the pericardium, which is the flexible two-layered sac that envelops the heart.

Peripheral Arterial Disease
Peripheral arterial disease results in reduced blood flow in the arteries of the trunk, arms, and legs.

Sports and the Heart
Athlete's heart refers to the normal changes that the heart undergoes in people who regularly do strenuous aerobic exercise (for example, higher intensity running or bicycling) and also in those who do higher intensity weight training exercise (weight lifting).

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Broken Blood Vessel When Drawing Blood

Symptoms of Heart and Blood Vessel Disorders Disorders that affect the heart or blood vessels are called cardiovascular disorders. Cardiovascular disorders are usually divided into

Abnormal Heart Rhythms Abnormal heart rhythms (arrhythmias) are sequences of heartbeats that are irregular, too fast, too slow, or conducted via an abnormal electrical pathway through the heart.

Atherosclerosis Atherosclerosis is a condition in which patchy deposits of fatty material (atheromas or atherosclerotic plaques) develop in the walls of medium-sized and large arteries, leading to reduced or blocked blood flow.

Cardiomyopathy Cardiomyopathy refers to progressive impairment of the structure and function of the muscular walls of the heart chambers.

Coronary Artery Disease Coronary artery disease is a condition in which the blood supply to the heart muscle is partially or completely blocked.

Endocarditis Infective endocarditis is an infection of the lining of the heart (endocardium) and usually also of the heart valves.

Heart Failure Heart failure is a disorder in which the heart is unable to keep up with the demands of the body, leading to reduced blood flow, back-up (congestion) of blood in the veins and lungs, and/or other changes that may further weaken or stiffen the heart.

Heart Tumors A tumor is any type of abnormal growth, whether cancerous (malignant) or noncancerous (benign). Tumors in the heart may be

High Blood Pressure High blood pressure (hypertension) is persistently high pressure in the arteries.

Low Blood Pressure and Shock Low blood pressure is blood pressure low enough to cause symptoms such as dizziness and fainting. Very low blood pressure can cause damage to organs, a process called shock.

Lymphatic Disorders The lymphatic system is a vital part of the immune system. It includes organs such as the thymus, bone marrow, spleen, tonsils, appendix, and Peyer patches in the small intestine that produce and process specialized white blood cells that fight infection and cancer.

Pericardial Disease and Myocarditis Pericardial disease affects the pericardium, which is the flexible two-layered sac that envelops the heart.

Peripheral Arterial Disease Peripheral arterial disease results in reduced blood flow in the arteries of the trunk, arms, and legs.

Sports and the Heart Athlete's heart refers to the normal changes that the heart undergoes in people who regularly do strenuous aerobic exercise (for example, higher intensity running or bicycling) and also in those who do higher intensity weight training exercise (weight lifting).

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Symptoms of Heart and Blood Vessel Disorders
Disorders that affect the heart or blood vessels are called cardiovascular disorders. Cardiovascular disorders are usually divided into

Abnormal Heart Rhythms
Abnormal heart rhythms (arrhythmias) are sequences of heartbeats that are irregular, too fast, too slow, or conducted via an abnormal electrical pathway through the heart.

Atherosclerosis
Atherosclerosis is a condition in which patchy deposits of fatty material (atheromas or atherosclerotic plaques) develop in the walls of medium-sized and large arteries, leading to reduced or blocked blood flow.

Cardiomyopathy
Cardiomyopathy refers to progressive impairment of the structure and function of the muscular walls of the heart chambers.

Coronary Artery Disease
Coronary artery disease is a condition in which the blood supply to the heart muscle is partially or completely blocked.

Endocarditis
Infective endocarditis is an infection of the lining of the heart (endocardium) and usually also of the heart valves.

Heart Failure
Heart failure is a disorder in which the heart is unable to keep up with the demands of the body, leading to reduced blood flow, back-up (congestion) of blood in the veins and lungs, and/or other changes that may further weaken or stiffen the heart.

Heart Tumors
A tumor is any type of abnormal growth, whether cancerous (malignant) or noncancerous (benign). Tumors in the heart may be

High Blood Pressure
High blood pressure (hypertension) is persistently high pressure in the arteries.

Low Blood Pressure and Shock
Low blood pressure is blood pressure low enough to cause symptoms such as dizziness and fainting. Very low blood pressure can cause damage to organs, a process called shock.

Lymphatic Disorders
The lymphatic system is a vital part of the immune system. It includes organs such as the thymus, bone marrow, spleen, tonsils, appendix, and Peyer patches in the small intestine that produce and process specialized white blood cells that fight infection and cancer.

Pericardial Disease and Myocarditis
Pericardial disease affects the pericardium, which is the flexible two-layered sac that envelops the heart.

Peripheral Arterial Disease
Peripheral arterial disease results in reduced blood flow in the arteries of the trunk, arms, and legs.

Sports and the Heart
Athlete's heart refers to the normal changes that the heart undergoes in people who regularly do strenuous aerobic exercise (for example, higher intensity running or bicycling) and also in those who do higher intensity weight training exercise (weight lifting).